| Linen Weaving |
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| Blanck Introduction |
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Linen Weaving Johann Friedrick Blanck (1747-1827), his son, Gerhard (1771-1849), and grandson, Christopher (1817-?), where listed in the Lehe Church records as linenweavers.
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| Bernard Winter, Die Webstube, 1896, Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Oldenburg, Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck, 2005 | |
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During the middle ages linen was used throughout Europe for shifts, tunics, towels, bedding
and ships sails.
Linen is made from the fiber of the flax plant. Linen has many advantages as a fiber but the process from seed to fabric is labor intensive. The small oily seeds are sown in the spring. They are sown close together so there is less branching of the plant and minimal weeding is necessary. Flax quickly depletes the soil so it is planted as a rotation crop. | |
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Flax in bloom |
| Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg, Photo collection of Maggie Land Blanck, 2005 | |
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The flax plant has a slim stem which grows to a height of between two and three feet and
is ready for harvest about 100 days after sowing. It is usually harvested in July and August.
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Flax field | |||
| Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg, Photo collection of Maggie Land Blanck, 2005
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Flax is pulled from the ground with the roots and gathered into bundles.
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An American farmer with a load of flax | |||
| Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck
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An American with teams after the flax had been pulled | |||
| Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck
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Flax bundle and a linen towel |
| Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg, Photo collection of Maggie Land Blanck, 2005 | |
| The stems are deseeded in a process called rippling. The rippling comb is secured to a bench and the plants are held near the root and pulled through the comb. The seeds fall onto a cloth placed under the bench. The deseeded flax is left to cure until ready to use. | |
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Reppling |
| Celle Bomann Museum | |
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In order to separate the fiber from the woody stalk the flax must be retted. Retting
allows bacterial action to cause the stalk to loosen and decompose. Needless to say
it is a smelly process. There are two methods of retting. The flax can be submerged
in a pond or stream for a few days. This method produces a golden or cream colored thread.
The flax may also be retted in the field allowing the morning dew to do the same work
as the pond. Field retting takes up to six weeks and the flax must be turned periodically.
It produces a silver grey thread.
When the outer stems are sufficiently decayed the flax is laid out to dry. Next the brake (a large wooden thrash) is used to loosen the boon (the woody part of the plant) from the fibers.
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Breaking |
| Celle Bomann Museum | |
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Further boon is removed when the flax is
beaten against a board with a large wooden knife in a process called scotching.
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Brechflachs (Broken Flax) This type of residual of the flax was used to stuff seats. |
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The resulting materials are separated into line, tow and boon. Line is the long fiber that will eventually be used to weave the linen. Tow is short fibers that can also be woven into course material or made into paper and insulation. Boon can be used as mulch or burned as fuel.
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Hackling |
| Celle Bomann Museum | |
| The final process, called hackling, is when the fiber is drawn through a series of combs to remove any remaining boom and tow. Over 85% of the plant has been removed in the process of arriving at the end product called strick. | |
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Hackling, Belfast Ireland, 1905 From back of card: "The work is in one sense rough and heavy, in another sense very delicate. An unskilled man, drawing a bundle of long flax fibres over those ugly, sharp teeth, might easily break them so that the result would be a mere handful of broken remnants. An expert worker knows how to handle the stuff so as to comb out each course fibre into a bundle of smaller, parallel fibres, with the least possible waste in the way of unevenness and breakage." |
| Stereo card collection of Maggie Land Blanck | |
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The long thin fibers resembling human hair have to be handled carefully to keep them from tangling. A distaff is used to keep the fibers separate and in line during spinning. The flax wheel is traditionally a small wheel. The flax needs to be continually moistened while spinning.
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| Postcard collection of Maggie Land Blanck Young ladies with spinning wheels and distaffs | |
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After the thread is spun the yarn, now called linen, is stretched and boiled to set the twist put in by the spinning.
Flax is a valuable crop not only for the linen. The seeds are harvested for linseed oil. Linseed oil has been used for wood treatment, paint, aminal fodder, lamp oil, cough medicine, laxatives and other medicinal purposes. Linoleum was make from linseed oil and ground cork.
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Spinning linen |
| Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg. Photo collection Maggie Land Blanck, 2005 | |
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Linen thread on spools |
| Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg. Photo collection Maggie Land Blanck, 2005 | |
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Weaving linen |
| Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg. Photo collection Maggie Land Blanck, 2005 | |
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Linen Loom |
| Celle Bomann Museum. Photo collection Maggie Land Blanck, 2005 | |
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Linen Loom |
| Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg. Photo collection Maggie Land Blanck, 2005 | |
| If you have any suggestions, corrections, information, copies of documents, or photos that you would like to share with this site, please contact me at maggie@maggieblanck.com | |
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